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TED-Ed

TED-Ed

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Can the economy grow forever?

Video Overview & Insights

Is infinite economic growth possible on a planet with finite resources? Explore how countries can balance efficiency with sustainability.

No economy can grow forever, rather every one goes through a cycle of growth and fall. It has been the case with all major economies of the world from past 2000 years.

— @Nitesh22021990

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Many economists think that an eternally growing economy is necessary to keep improving people’s lives, and that if the global economy stops growing, people would fight more over the fixed amount of value that exists, rather than working to generate new value. Which raises the question: is infinite growth possible on a finite planet? Explore how economies can balance efficiency with sustainability.

Something I value about this video is how it draws from the prior 2 in its series. If the audience is primed with relevant ideas, the introduction of this video sparks internal conversations without direct leading questions.

— @SpiffSpud

Directed by Kevin Herrmann, AIM Creative Studios.

This video made possible in collaboration with World Economic Forum

so besically our greed killing us, and not just rich people, even regular people would be upset if you told them youll get same iphone for the rest of your life to sustain our planet

— @pepo_pipi

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Our planet might be finite, but can we say the same for the universe? Tho I must say, the global slowdown of our population growth makes the idea of a post-growth economy a more provocative idea

— @jeffery1855

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I like the age of Islam, I like the Renaissance, I like tang dynasty. But could not last forever. But can rebuild on what was . Right reasons to go on forever. Ponzi schemes wrong but temporary.

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Yes the earth needs to be protected and we can’t take for granted the fact that life exists in only one place in the entire universe, but the answer to many of our problems doesn’t lie in how to possibly constrain our civilisations to one planet but how to expand beyond it and who gets to dictate the priorities of that expansion. If the common people continue to delegate all leadership and decision making to the rich and powerful there is no question that the problems from humanity’s past and present will follow us into the future.

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Everybody should be cremated or thrown in the ocean instead of being buried. Save some space. Just my 2 cents.

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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/can-the-economy-grow-forever

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Dig deeper with additional resources: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/can-the-economy-grow-forever#digdeeper

Animator's website: http://aimcreativestudios.com

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— @kennethchao1678

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Economics - fake fake fake fake



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More User Perspectives

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Forever?
If so, refence Futurama's Momazon episode to see how.
"Thou shalt consume."

@rabokarabekian409
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The notion that poeple will just come up with great ideas in the future that will allow infinite economic growth, is like saying "the power of God will save us". It's completely unpredictable and unreliable. I can't believe some economists came up with that. Yes, we had incredible innovation in the last 2 centuries, but how do you know if and how long that will last? And despite the innovations, a lot of people are still very poor.

@elizablack4472
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Post growth until we go to mars

@samtran887
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Economies dont only grow by using more resources they grow by using resources better

@hritik7895
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It’s not about infinite growth it’s sustainable growth completely different thing. Infinity is a number without end. We don’t need a number without answer so why would we need infinite growth?

@JonathanJollimore-h8v
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We need to stop giving capital to corporations that waste it on nonvalue or negative value generating jobs and the Leftist death cult. DEI needs to DIE and be replaced by a truly non discriminatory system that gives everyone a fair shot based on there righteous choices and merit.

@nicholasheimann4629
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I’m incredibly impressed by your skill and clarity!

@MustafizurRahmanMannaMusta-z1m
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Jarvis lay of another 40000 workers to increase share owners margins.

Use psf files as an opportunity.

Buy a tickwt for a CEO to THE island

And throw toxic waste to the ocean

@Xeno7001
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this felt more like a yapping session rather than a lesson.

@CDTGreninjx
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If they can't grow by producing more value, they grow by corporate lobbying and industry consolidation, milking consumers. That's how capitalism has always been.
Democracy was a solution to the concentrated power of monarchy. What we need now is not just some vague idea of a sustainable economy, but a solution to the concentrated power of private capital, since sustainable economy doesn't under our current system.

@thoraero
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Its possible its like forever having William which is infinite or Henry- even Elizabeth whether its economical is another- Charles would have been but somehow there was an over turned caused by William ( not certain it ever occurs in Econs but somehow) the bell curve or the curve itself moves.. in that manner.. or the whole what do you term it as reciprocal curve or absolute value.. i may be wrong but.. so the underlying factor what is in Asia what over rights Ming -would be Lee. My understanding.... would appreciate if there is another way of learning... Sat Jan 3rd 2026 8 07 am

@zaireenismael1742
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Fast forward is 2026 and the world is being driven by a bunch of greedy morons that let a couple of corporations run the economy and democracy as they please in the name of infinite grow without consequences đŸ€Šâ€â™‚ïž

@nico7654321
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OBJECTION!

This video is propaganda. WEF is an organisation of corrupt elites that attempt to rule the world.

@fern-d4t
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This will never happen lol, basically you are saying that we need a socialist economy that doesn't rely on growth. It proved to be an illagical an unfeasible way for humatiny to strive since it is not even a natural thing. Current economic system may have some flaws and it's far from perfect, but nature demands competition. Especially giving everyone guaranteed wages and giving total income equality will never ever happen and the countries who do that are doomed to collapse. It has been like this from the big bang and it will continue to be so.

@Arsenik2
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You still didn't answer the question

@kittyperry-v8b
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Growth just means human beings continuing to live.
He who advocates for stopping growth advocates for death and is an enemy of humanity.

@aktuellyattee8265
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i guess a service economy can grow forever?
a space economy might sound far-fetched today, but a lot of things tat are now common were once far-fetched.

@arthurmario5996
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There is no direct relationship of monetary value or inputs to utility, you can get many orders of magnitude more utility and lower price for dramatically fewer inputs per user, and that tends to happen naturally in many product categories. There is both utility and efficiency in simplicity, for example having all of your electronic functions in one device rather than in 10.

@crawkn
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Growth in the jungle never stops, even if the size of it stays the same. organisms just grow by consuming others. We can have more of that for humanity too with de-growth

@ataarono
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DICGC
IFTAS
BRBNMPL
RBIH
ReBIT

@Shweta-h5y
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The problem is that we live in a multi-national world where currencies are dynamics, fluid, & always changing.

As a third world country, we should not scale down production. We may scale up production for exports, especially products that are deemed expensive in the international market.

Otherwise, we will always be a developping country.

@a.hanifmufid6475
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Yes it can

@JulienReszka
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It doesn’t matter if you rely solely on non-material growth
 there is only a certain amount of customers and their money. More people equals more materials lol

@yourmommashouse
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I was right with ya.. until....
The whole focus of the video turned to Climate Change.
I can think of about a dozen other ways to set the conext of this video.. Climate Change would be the last way to view our problems.
Ugh.

@850mph
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People have no feel for exponential growth. It cannot go on indefinitely. Example: If we let our material use increase by 3.6% every year (the average growth rate of the past 75 years), then in 700 years we will be using one Earth's worth of material per year, in 1900 years, one Milky Way's worth of material per year, and in approximately 2,600 years, the equivalent mass of the entire observable Universe per year.

@rjdverbeek
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Two inter-related factors to mention. 1. Global population growth. From 1935 to now, the world population has soared from 2 billion to 8 billion with the obvious impact upon resources, usage and demand.
2. Populations in the developed world are ageing. Retirees in many developed countries comprise around a quarter of the population while birth rates have been falling to record lows for years. For the most extreme example check out South Korea. 😼

@Astonyshing
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This is incredible!! Congratulations to the avalanche team. Can't wait to see what they accomplish

@lucascuervo27
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Not as long as a Republican can gain office!!

@noraa-dog
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FFT: Capital is basically accrued labour - value that has been preserved from the labour of the past

@jakobtulloch4453
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Ask cchina , is 5 % a year XD

@mm-hq4qh
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the economy don't have to grow, only debt does. That is what is why we worship growth so much, because debt needs to keep doubling an doubling in order to not collapse, and it actually makes us all poorer not richer

@rphb00
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Japan❀

Japan's Nominal declined by 34% from the 2012 Peak

Japan's GDP PPP rose by 46% from 2012.

In Patents Per Million, they remain 2nd.

Best example of Circular Innovative Economy.

@himadripaul345
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So we should be focusing on keeping the economy good rather then growing it

@RandomGuyontheWeb-x8f
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Exponential growth in technology means that the capabilities of certain technologies double at regular intervals, leading to rapid improvements over decades and even centuries. At the same time, the cost and energy used by these technologies has proven over and over again to decrease dramatically. Not to mention that exponential technologies work in synergy with each other to not only continue on an exponential path but an exponentially growing exponential path. Look if you're some software engineer who doesn't want to face the music that's fine, but sticking your head in the sand is not going to do you or anyone any good.



Think EXPONENTIALLY, not LINEARLY. Exponential technologies work in synergy with each other to not only continue on an exponential path but an exponentially growing exponential path. Energy needed trends down exponentially.



1. Computing Power (Moore’s Law)



Progress: The number of transistors on computer chips has doubled roughly every 18–24 months since the 1960s. Early computers filled rooms, performed basic calculations, and cost millions; today, a smartphone fits billions of transistors in your pocket and performs tasks that once took supercomputers.



Cost/Energy: The cost per calculation has dropped by billions-fold. Computers are not only cheaper but also far more energy efficient per calculation than older technology—modern chips do more with less power.



2. Digital Cameras & Mobile Devices



Progress: Cameras evolved from expensive, film-only devices with limited photos to digital systems capable of instantly taking and storing thousands of high-resolution images. Mobile phone cameras now match or surpass early digital cameras.



Cost/Energy: The price per megapixel and per stored image has plummeted, and energy use per photo has dropped—processing and storage happen at a tiny fraction of earlier requirements.



3. DNA Sequencing



Progress: The Human Genome Project spent over $3 billion and took 13 years (finished 2003) to sequence one human genome. Today, a genome can be sequenced for less than $200 in a matter of hours.



Cost/Energy: The cost has dropped by more than 99.999% since 2001, dramatically increasing access to personalized medicine and research.



4. Renewable Energy Technologies (Solar & Wind)



Progress: Solar panels and wind turbines have become exponentially more powerful and widely deployed.



Cost/Energy: The price of solar modules dropped from $106/watt in the 1970s to under $0.40/watt today—a 99.6% fall. Each time global solar capacity doubles, price falls by around 20%. Similar “learning curves” have slashed wind and battery costs, improving energy access and reducing environmental impact.



5. Internet Bandwidth and Connectivity



Progress: Global internet capacity and speed have grown exponentially, enabling video streaming, real-time communication, and the Internet of Things.



Cost/Energy: Data costs per megabyte have collapsed, and net energy per unit of data transferred has dropped due to more efficient fiber optics, networking hardware, and compression algorithms.



6. 3D Printing & Manufacturing



Progress: From niche prototype machines, 3D printers now mass-produce complex parts for rockets, prosthetics, and even houses, often at a fraction of traditional manufacturing cost.



Cost/Energy: Material use and energy per part have declined through optimized design and automation; production timelines are also exponentially faster.

@JoeSmith-jd5zg
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The one commodity that one can grow endlessly is entertainment. It uses few raw resources but adds great value to the audience.
But an in-between approach to a no-growth economy is a circular economy, where old stuff is mined for its resources so we don't need to mine it from the Earth.

@DarkSyster
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So ppl use value to make more value

@TheChosenKing-b1m