Veritasium

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The Strange Math That Predicts (Almost) Anything

Video Overview & Insights

How a feud in Russia led to modern prediction algorithms.

“

Interestingly the guy in the video is probably younger than the PageRank algorithm

— @arammalkhasyan4677

👉 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/veritasium. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

“

There is no way in hell they misspelled the name Googol when registering it, who would believe such an urban myth

— @domerich

▀▀▀

“

Markov was not communist, why did you add hammer and sickle?

— @arammalkhasyan4677

A huge thank you to Brian Hayes, David Aldous, Geoff Engelstein, Jeffrey Rosenthal, Jimmy He, Mark Priestley, Michael Choi, Peter Norvig, Sam Power, and Thomas Haigh for their invaluable expertise and contributions to this video.

And a special thank you to Madeline Johnson for her excellent fact-checking.

“

Studying determinism, free will, judgement, evil, faith will give you interesting answers...

— @EtherealMarksman

▀▀▀

0:00 The Law of Large Numbers

“

Google was useful once

— @atypocrat1779

4:37 What is a Markov Chain?

9:43 Ulam and Solitaire

“

Claude is based on Claude Shannon 😊

— @brianmadera1828

12:21 Nuclear Fission

15:46 The Monte Carlo Method

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Markov the beast

— @Burning_Babylon

16:32 The first search engines

19:07 Google is born

“

Please do one on Markov blankets

— @PorpoiseSeeker

25:16 How does predictive text work?

27:10 Are Markov chains memoryless?

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30:33 So the right answer is dependent on how random you want it. There is no right answer.

— @teppo9585

29:41 How to perfectly shuffle a deck of cards

▀▀▀

“

26:17 he looks like an old miniminter

— @SudaniBrosAnimations

References:

https://ve42.co/RefsMarkov

“

Here because this is the future

— @ranielyfire

Images & Video:

https://ve42.co/7Z

“

Dude at 29:38 act like he never dealt with an academic before. A petty pursuit to prove a peer wrong is precious.

— @rowyerboat1

▀▀▀

Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:

“

Colossus was the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer

— @gregoryrose8282

Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, Anton Ragin, armedtoe, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Ibby Hadeed, JT, Jeromy Johnson, Jon Jamison, Juan Benet, Keith England, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Meekay, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Matthias Wrobel, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Bush, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robert Oliveira, Sam Lutfi, TTST, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, wolfee

▀▀▀

“

7:45 point what now

— @gabicerulean

Writers: Kaela Albert, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller

Producer & Director: Kaela Albert

“

I used keyword embedding successfully to bring up my website to top 2 results on Google as recent as 10 years ago.

— @superjohndoe-t4t

Editors: Peter Nelson & Jack Saxon

Camera Operators: Gabe Strong, Gregor Cavlovic & Derek Muller

“

Given all of the effort you put into these shows, couldn't you spend a few minutes to learn the correct pronunciation of Nekrasov? Or, at least, choose one pronunciation and be consistent?

— @acypher1

Animator: Andrew neet, Emma Wright, Fabio Albertelli & Ivy Trello

Illustrator: Caine Esperanzo, Jakub Misiek & Maria Gustanovich

“

Larry did make Google not yahoo.

— @oddegilgrytten3969

Assistant Editor: James Stuart

Researchers: Darius Garewal, Gabe Strong & Emilia Gyles

“

Yes, Larry Page had a major interest in Yahoo, but it was to sell Google to them. He actually pitched Yahoo on acquiring his search engine (then called BackRub) on two separate occasions before Google grew into an independent giant.The two key moments Larry Page and Sergey Brin tried to involve Yahoo:1998 Offer: Page and Brin approached Yahoo and offered to sell their search technology and PageRank algorithm for just $\$1\text{ million}$. Yahoo declined because their business model focused on keeping users on their own portal to view banner ads, and they feared a highly efficient search engine would cause users to leave too quickly.2002 Negotiations: A few years later, after Google exploded in popularity, Yahoo attempted to buy Google and entered into negotiations. Yahoo's CEO Terry Semel and Larry Page's team discussed a deal around $\$1\text{ billion}$, which Page and Brin eventually adjusted to $\$3\text{ billion}$. Yahoo rejected the higher price and walked away, and the deal collapsed.

— @oddegilgrytten3969

Thumbnail Designers: Ren Hurley & Ben Powell

Production Team: Rob Beasley Spence, Casper Mebius, Sulli Yost and Henry Van Dyck

“

It should be possible to prove that Socialism sucks?

— @Gismotronics

Executive Producers: Derek Muller & Casper Mebius

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and Storyblocks

“

Almost

— @Rowdy1965

Music from Epidemic Sound

“

indeed google change but today google front page is always ads u can move 10 pages and still ads good luck if u gonna find something important to read

— @EkoDarmawan234

More User Perspectives

Hello! I really enjoy your content and find it incredibly valuable. Would you consider adding Turkish voice-overs or Turkish audio tracks to your videos in the future? You have many viewers from Türkiye who would greatly benefit from your work. Thank you for creating such amazing content! 🇹🇷

@Tekno_nine

added somethink

@nolla-m4u

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.

@alenmathew929

Thank you!

@DidyouDie-i9m

17:54 Damn, Son

@robertdascoli949

4:25 his argument is wrong, but markov didn't disprove his claim... He is actually correct... And now I see that that's what's missing for AI.

@raulgalets

Bro uses every chance to make propaganda against Russia and the USSR

@MansourAbouhayat

Bro talked about probability, mathematics, history, physics, nuclear fission, and even freaking SEO all in one coherent and informative video. I'm really amazed by the quality of the vontent that veritasium delivers

@abdelrahmanahmed8426

Pretty sure the ads are to offset the costs so that they dont have to maintain 2 search models, 1 normal, the 2nd ai assisted. Otherwise theyd have to make it a paid feature... though honestly i have no idea why theyd use AI for a search engine.... seems like a complete waste of what AI can actually be used for. Like asking einstien to be a librarian but people are asking where cat in the hat is at....

@ITVDevelopment

In Markov's chains, isn't the branches, or state changes an independent event? Like you literally showed that you choose a random number (Which is independent event), then you go to the next state, being the same or a different state?

@KafshakTashtak

1:36 bro is the exact opposite

@plasmaman-c1o

I wish they had taught the WHY with math lectures .

@rich8304

Now predict what a woman wants.

@persophone4554

Thanks to this channel we had to devote an entire playlist to Maths ^_^ very excited thank you we love watching math in this house

@guesttvdownstairs

So they may have used Markov chains in the time of covid-19!

@usbreakingnews7880

How many theoretical mathematicians are billionaires?

@petes6814

Best description of how a GPS system works that I've ever heard. Thank you!

@Tallbob29

Foul to consonant ratio in English it’s about .5 whereas Russian is .3 Repiton

@Chanselleur

One of my favs in this channel.

@sailmonkeyflying8641

This vid is still great!

@CuriousJo1122

And what about search engine bias????

@richardcaponigro8142

thank you

@jirkadolezal8127

"BACKRUB"! imagine if the google was called BACKRUB, can you believe it?

@thatboi6176

I think Markov just proved how stupid I am.

@jasonhunter6125

What if numbers could predict the future?

@Marc-v5g7y

0:55 what a surprise that the aryan dude wrongly equates socialism with Lenin style communism.

@GerrySlander

12:03 Instinct made me do the thing

@GoatedLouisXIV

The guy calls himself an atheist and then treats math as his own version of God

@samibraheem1579

The Mark of Cain

@MasterDaddy-d1m

#veritasium #science #physics #markov chains #math #algorithm #Veritasium #mathematics #artificial intelligence #machine learning #data science #Transition Diagram #Transition Matrix #Initial State #Vector #Probability #Statistics #Future Probabilities #Present #linear algebra #google #search engines #search #yahoo #googolplex #LLM #chat GPT #monopoly #russia #Andrey Markov #free will #Bernoulli #jellybeans #convergence #independence #dependent #Pavel Nekrasov #Yahoo #yahoo! #law of large numbers